makanan tambahan yang sihat

tahukah anada apakah makanan tambahan yang sihat?? mesti ramai yg berteka-teki apakah ia kan? mesti rmai mengatakan vitamin dan lain2... itu semua bukan.. tahukah anada, khasiat madu lebah? tapi pastikan madu lebah itu madu lebah yg asli tau...

madu lebah ialah ubat yg difirman kan oleh ALLAH SWT  di dalam Al-Quran. Madu lebah dpat mengubati pelbagai jenis penyakit. madu lebah jugak dapat merawat penyakit yang merbahaya.. ia juga dapat menjadi pencegah kepada pelbagai penyakit merbahaya seperti kanser..

sekarang saya pon dah mengamalkan madu setiap hari. memang ia memberi kesan positif.. bdan bertenaga, leh merawat gastrik.. lebih diamalkn mnum mnum madu sebelum makn2 ape2 diwaktu pagi.. memang ase lain bila makan madu.. yang paling bagusnye, madu ni merawat secara semula jadi. ia akan merawat dan mengesan masalah badan yang kite alami secara dari dalam badan..

selagi kite tidak mencubenye, kite takkan tahu kbaikannye pada diri kite. sesiapa yg ada masalah kitaran haid teratur pon leh amalkan madu royal. ia akan membantu tuk menstabilkan hormon dalam badan kite. nnati saya akan menambah citer2 terbaru di wktu akan datang.

assignment strategic management

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

STARBUCKS

1) What are the greatest challenges in the board environment that Starbucks will face when    expanding into the Chinese market? What should Starbucks do to overcome these challenges?

     Starbucks as a one of restaurant who provide good service and the main product is coffee. It is not easy Starbucks to open their restaurant in Chinese. This is because Starbuck have greater challenges when expanding into the Chinese market. Firstly, the challenge is majority of Chinese people more prefer to tea compare to coffee. This is because, since decade ago, the Chinese people drink tea. Besides that, Chinese people said that drink tea is good for health. Other substitute product which will become competitor to coffee is colas and juices. So, the Starbucks should take this problem as challenges in organization. The Starbuck should be doing more promotion to the Chinese people about the Starbucks’ product. After that, the Starbuck can do the creative advertising to attract people, give the product’s tester to the Chinese people. So, from this ways the Chinese people will know and taste that product, it can influence that people to buy this product. Other than that, this company should learn more about culture Chinese people because to avoid any misunderstanding about culture, behavior, and others. Every country has different kind of people, knowledge, culture, background, and others. So, the Starbuck management should do the research and understanding about Chinese business culture framework which is know about negotiation process and style of business at Chinese. Starbucks also can create some of menu of food which based on the culture at China. For example the KFC company create menu based the culture of the country they entry their business.

             Secondly, the challenge of Starbucks to entry the Chinese market is political challenges in Chinese. This is because it is difficult to entry the Chinese market without helping from the government at Chinese. The Starbuck create the good relationship with Chinese people. The Starbuck also have a good planning to entry the Chinese market. Starbucks create partner with the local partner which is President Group. Form this relationship with President Group, the Starbucks can expand their product into four market such as Taiwan, Shanghai, Beijing and Southern China. According to Michael (2005) as a director of Maxim’s Caterers said that Starbucks’ joint venture partner in Hong Kong, Macau Other than that, a multinational corporation (MNCs) is a one of principle for foreign companies to entry the market. This principle is call as ‘One Face to China’ which is helps the foreign companies to operate their business in this country which is suit the foreign companies with the China country. The Starbucks is one of foreign companies which invest their money with open their firm. This firm are present the premier coffee business in China. This is because the Starbucks will pour million into Chinese companies, resources, real-estate and taxes. The ‘One Face to China’ principles create three phases when the foreign companies to invest the international market for long term or short term. The first phase is Entry which is from this phase, the MNCs indentify the right business model can use it. The second phase is Country development. In this phase, MNCs can develop their market which is about the location, awareness of the brand name based on the customer perspective and other research or information about market, business and others during the Entry period of time. The last phase to involve business into the international market is Global Integration. This phase is for seek the foreign companies of management and goal is same and can move into that market like the parent company. The Starbucks Company follows the three phases with conduct by MNCs. The Starbucks has successfully in expose about their trademarks ‘One Face to China’.

             Besides that, the third of challenge is economic. Economic is one of the most important when to open the business at that country. This is because if those countries do not have a good manage and control the economics which is it can give effect to new business to run their business especially to foreign companies and business. The Starbucks has challenged in economic at China. This is because to run the business with success from the economics of customer which is the income and disposable income of consumers. This company known as the company which is selling the high quality of coffee with provides the good service to their customers. This challenge can happen economic condition at that location can cause the customers not willing to pay the high price of the coffee. Starbucks do the research about the location they want to open their business. The Starbucks do the research and survey the location based on demographic background, culture of people, the income level and others. This is because from this survey, the management can learn more about that location. The location should choose based demographic and the place which is the resident have disposable income can spend their money at Starbucks. So, in my opinion the Starbucks ca create some kind of food based on culture and trend to attract the customer spent their money at Starbucks.

             Other challenges the Starbucks to entry and open their business in China is advance of technology equipment. The equipment use at Starbucks restaurant is have specialty equipment because to maintain the quality of the Starbucks’ coffee. If this business cannot attract the customers come in, it can cause waste the technology of equipment. This is because it cannot give a good feedback to Starbucks products. So, to overcome this problem is maybe through advertising the advantage of products, maybe give the information to customers where the resources come from, what type of equipment use to maintain the quality of coffee and others. From this information, the customer can think impossible to spend their money at Starbucks for their products.

2) Identify and how could Starbucks make its competitive advantage sustainable over time?

     The Starbucks business create their own competitive advantage to run their business smoothly and successful. Create the competitive advantage as a one method create the entry barrier and avoid other company copy the products. There are several of competitive the Starbucks use in their business to compare their bran, product and other companies and businesses. Firstly, the Starbucks create a product which is the secret recipe of coffee product based on the knowledge about the coffee. So, other company cannot copy this recipe to their business. This is because Starbucks get the high quality coffee from specialty place which provide that coffee to the Starbucks. Starbucks not only serve the coffee at their restaurant. Starbucks also provide good service to their customers, special service to their loyal customers, the host serve also provide candy and others. According to Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks said that, the quality of Starbucks workforce as one of sustainable competitive advantage to their company. This is because the employees’ skill cannot be copy to other company because only the person have training at Starbucks know  and learn skill and knowledge to produce the high quality of products.

             Secondly, the technique of produce the high quality of coffee and how the employees at Starbucks apply that technique to ensure and maintain the quality of coffee. Besides that, to maintain the quality of Starbucks coffee is specialty equipment use in produce this product. Not all of competitor can buy that equipment because the cost of equipment is so expensive. But it can help this business generate their revenue by use that equipment because their brand. Thirdly, Starbucks Company is a one company which is monopoly the competition around the world. Although Starbucks have big competitor such as Coffee Beans but their successful to run their business at several of country such as China, Malaysia, United State, Europe and others. Starbucks do control and have strong of economic of scale in more of country. So, it can create competitive advantage through that. Other companies difficult to entry into market their business.

             Other than that, the good relationship and joint venture with partner every country they entry will create the competitive advantage compare to other business. This is because without that relationship between Starbucks and government and other company, the Starbucks Company cannot run their business successfully. The brand of product also can create a competitive advantage to Starbucks because the customers especially the foreign tourism should more prefer choose the Starbucks restaurant based brand name and popular at their country. Besides that, this company of cost is low to moderate costs to each location and the major of cost is use for to pay the labor cost the resources. This company also provide variety of coffee product and not only coffee, and not only original coffee. For example, ice blended, some type can suit with coffee and others.

3) What strategies (at business and corporate level) could Starbucks implement in China considering the income discrepancies of that country?

     Starbucks use variety of strategies to entry and run their business at China. The strategic management to separate wide about this product is should be planning well. Firstly, Starbucks do a plan for pursuing the mission and achieve the objective the company. The business level strategy means the planning for managing one line of business. The first strategic at business level could implement in China is prospecting. Prospecting means aggressively to offer new product, kind of product and the price which is can suit with the income discrepancies and others. This is because can create opportunity to Chinese people who have moderate income level to try this product. The Starbucks can setting the price base on the location but need should the standard price which can generate more profitable to the company.  The second strategic at business level is defending and marketing the product. It is means the Starbucks should staying the present product line and maintain and also increase the number of customers. The customers can increase with do more advertising, promotion and promise can provide the high quality of product and services. From this it can create the customer loyalty with this product and services.  License and joint venture as two of main business strategy which is license is format to local operator to store revenue of Starbucks in return for initial licensing fees and royalties. Joint venture is important to run their business success and smoothly because when joint venture and good network with government and more company at China can give strength of Starbucks Company.

Other than that, the corporate means the planning for managing multiple lines of businesses. All corporate level want their business can generate more profitable to their company and also increase the customers coming and also want outstanding of services. The Starbucks create the good environment to their customer when come to their place. Starbucks provide the customers feel richer, exotic, more flavorful taste of coffee and others. According to Catherine Chau as a general manager of Mei Da point out the Chinese people at Beijing go to Starbucks for coffee but for the experiences during stay at Starbucks. So, from this statement can attract more people although discrepancies of income to come the Starbucks Restaurant to feel their own experience. Offer high quality products as one of Starbucks corporate strategy to all customers come in the Starbucks. High quality product and service to all type of Chinese people will attract them to come again. The Starbucks can give test taste to customers who not have more income to buy the product during promotion but only certain amount of people. The customers who do not more disposable income can buy the instant coffee which is Starbucks provide selling their coffee instant in packaging. So, the customer can buy this product with share money. The corporate level also creates the good working environments which serve with friendly to customers especially at China. Other corporate strategy is providing a relaxing and attractive social atmosphere. This strategy will attract the people to come in and can relax their mind with drink the high quality of coffee. The location of Starbucks is suitable with give well mood which feel relax, with music and others.

REFERENCES

Enz, C. A. (2010). Hospitality Strategic Management: Concepts and cases. (2^nd Ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Lum, T., & Vaughn, B. (2007). The Southwest Pacific: U.S. interests and China’s growing influence. CRS Report for Congress, 1-27

Marrison, W. M. (2006). China’s economic conditions. CRS Issue Brief for Congress, 1-15

Venkatraman, M., & Nelson, T. (2008). From servicescape to consumptionscape: A photo-elicitation study of Starbucks in the New China. Forthcoming in the Journal of International Business Studies, 1-36

Zhang, Z. J.(2006). International Expansion of Starbucks under the Background of Global   Tourism Development. Journal of Canadian Social Science, 1 (2), 17-21.

research proposal

THE EFFECT OF JOB ROTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE AMONG EMPLOYEES

CHAPTER 1:

1.0       INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

Every organization and industry needs the employees doing the task which is produce products, handle machines, serve to customer, and others. This is because to ensure the business operation can run clearly and smoothly. Other than that, the organization also will get the higher profit and also increase the number of customer loyalty to their organization.

Besides that, not all organization and business provide many types of task and job to their employees. For example, for employees who work as officer, professional which is architect, and doctor and others. Hospitality industry is different with other industry about certain procedure, schedule of work for all their employees and others. For instance foodservice industry, especially fast food restaurant provide job rotation to their employees.

Other than that, the issue is why the job rotation uses as a strategic to gain and achieve the goal? According to Nazer, Saeed and Ming (2010) stated that job rotation apply to organization especially for fast food restaurant because this strategic will reduce employees’ boredom and learn more skill variation.  From this article, some of employee fell bore do the same position and tasks during their work at that organization.

1.2       Problem Statement

Many industries especially hospitality industries usually operate and run their business seven days per week. For example fast food establishment which is McDonald, Kentucky Fresh Chicken, Ayamas and others. This study has several issues about the job rotation and employees performance in done their task and job schedule.

1.2.1    Why the job rotation among employees will affect the performance’s employees during operation?

            According to Burke, & Moore (2000) stated that rotate task among employees will give effect to the organization, satisfaction of employees, produce productivity during operation period and others.

1.3       Purpose and Objective of the Study

The purpose of the study is to identify the effect of job rotation among employees in perform their task and maintain the productivity during the operation period.

1.3.1    To identify the different of job rotation among the employees instilled in this organization

1.3.2    To investigate the relationship between job rotation among employees and the performance in operation of business.

1.5       Research Hypothesis

H_1:         This study is significant between job rotation and employees performance.

H_2:         There are having relationships between job rotation and employees performance.

1.6       Significance of the Study

The outcome of this investigate will give more knowledgeable, information, and learn about skill, why this strategic of job rotation use among employees. This is will give benefit and advantage to students, industry especially food service industry and also researchers.

1.7       Term of the Study

Fast Food Restaurant              : It also known as quick service restaurant. This restaurant which is provides food, beverages and service to the customers. The price is lower than dining service.

Job rotation                             : According to DuBrin (2008), the definition of job rotation is a temporary switching of job assignment or job task. It also call as cross-training (Robbins, Judge, Odendaal, & Rooth, 2008)

Employees Performance         : Employees performance means learn in skillful, increase the productivity, reduce the customer complaint, job satisfaction, increase the productivity and others.

CHAPTER 2:

2.0       LITURATURE REVIEW

2.1       Definitions of the Variable in the Study

            2.1.1    Job Rotation

According to Burke & Moore (2000) said that at least 43 percent used job rotation as career development strategies to their organization. The definition of job rotation is the employees doing many type of job in certain time of period. For example, the schedule for one of employees have different duty or task every day, three time a week changes their job which is today he or she work as server, tomorrow their duty as cook and others.

Other than that, according to Nazer, Saeed & Ming (2010) stated that the definition of job rotation is the number of different workplace which is every section at workplace has different knowledge, skills and responsibility among the workers. Other than that, job rotation used as a strategic to gain objective to certain organization (Morrison & Hock, 1986). This is because job rotation will help the employees to create and learn more knowledge and skill in different function area (Neo & Ford, 1992).

2.1.2    Employees Performance

Employees’ performance means the employees who achieved the performance standard which is give a good service to the customers, can learn many skill of jobs, good in interpersonal communication, analyze, solve the problem and others (University Indiana). According to Sadikoglu & Zehir (2010) stated that the employees performances can evaluate by their customer focus which give service delivery with exceed customer’s expectation, level of absenteeism, morale and others.

Moreover, the maintain performance and increase the performance every staff and employees is an important to organization to achieve the goal and gain more profitable. This is because when employees done their jobs with good performance, it will increase the customer satisfaction, increase the productivity and reduce the cost such as leftover food at kitchen and others.

2.2       Relationships between the Variables

According to Burke, & Moore (2000) stated that there are having relationships between the job rotation and employees performance. Job rotation as a strategic to variety the skill, improve the satisfaction, reduce the boredom among employees, communication skill and others give positive effect toward performance. This is because when the employees can learn more information, they not feel boredom with their jobs, so the employees provide the good performance which is provide good service to customers, can do variety of task and others.

Other than that, the applied job rotation as a motivation toward employees (Campion, Cheraskin, & Stevens, 1994). So, this rotate task and job will increase the performance among employees. The employees feel enjoy doing their task every day. The employees can learn and master skill of job give positive and high performance during the operation of organization.

2.3       Theoretical Framework

This theoretical framework as a guideline to indentify the factor will effect between two variable. So, from this framework this study can do smoothly and get accurate data and others.

    Independent Variable                                               Dependent Variable

 

                                                              H₁

 

2.4       Research Hypotheses

H₁          : There is a significant relationship between the rotation and employees’ performance.

H₁a : Variety skills among employees had significant relationship with the employees satisfaction

                H₁b : Motivation had significant relationship with the employees satisfaction.

CHAPTER 3:

3.0       RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is important to every researchers before start their study, they need to planning all method they should follow, what type of sample, questionnaire, unit analysis, resign design and others. This is because it can help the researcher doing their study, investigate and as the guideline during that period of study. There are some of point need to planning when want to study any issue in industry and others problem happen during your work, receive service and others.

3.1       Research Design

Based on this issue and study, the best method to design this study is quantitative method. The purpose of this study is descriptive study because the issue which is related with this study and get more information from the secondary data which is from previous journal, books and others as references to finish my study.

Other than that, the type of investigate are correlation study which is study and investigate the relationship between two variable, which is between job rotation and employees performances. It also can call as direct relationship. This is because this study investigate job rotation trough to performance among the employees at food service industry especially fast food restaurant.

            The extent of researcher interference of this study is minimal interference because this study only focus the relationship between two variables with is job rotation and employees performance in fast food restaurant. It is call as minimal because this study focuses the employees who doing the rotate task by individual.

This research is non-contrived of study setting which is field study. The field study means is to analyze the relationship this study. This study is investigate have relationship between two variable. These two variables will effect between each other or not.

3.2       Unit of Analysis

Refer the topic this study, this study will focus on individual analysis. This is because the data collect by individual of employees who do the rotate of works. From this study, the questionnaire will give the employees by individual because to get the data by individual who employees apply the job rotation in their schedule.

 It also for investigate the performance every employees at McDonald who doing rotate of task. This is cannot choose by group as analysis because this study focus every persons do rotate jobs in their schedule.

3.3       Population and Sample Size

This examine will choose the According to others sources from internet which is website McDonald, total number of McDonald franchise is 194 restaurants in Malaysia (Malaysian Franchise Association). The total number of employees at McDonald is 7000 employees but not included the high position in McDonald.

 A population in this study is all employees especially crew employees at McDonald in Terengganu. According this study, McDonald restaurants in Terengganu is 4 restaurants (McDonald.com).

Other than that, this study chooses McDonald as a population because from observation on this study, the employees at McDonald applied this strategic during their operation. According the information, this study will use McDonald Dungun and Seri Kertih as a sample from population.

This sample will get from the average number employees of McDonald at Terengganu is 120 persons without number of outlet manager. From that population, this study will decide to take as a sample which is the average number employees is 60 persons.

This study will expect sample size is 60 persons of employees at McDonald will form with the project of population of the study which is this study choose seventy five percent of population McDonald employees at Terengganu.

It can calculate as follows:

144 participating McDonald Terengganu,  120  respondents (average) = 90 persons as sample

3.4       Data Collection Method

Based on this research, this study will use a list of questionnaire about the variable for the quantitative data collection method. A questionnaire is a set of question to respondents which is a record of the data about this study. This study will choose the close ended questions. The questions are only focusing this study which is job rotation and performance among employees. This is because to ensure the questionnaire is related with two variables.

According to Sekaran & Bougie (2010), stated that to get the significance and easy to calculate the data, the type of question should not double-barrel, ambiguous, recall-dependent and others. This is because this type of question is difficult to measure with accurate result.

Besides that, the data collection use scaling method to record all the data in the questionnaire. The scaling method use as measure the data will give more accurate data from respondents. This methods use because easy to respondent to answers all question. It is also easy to key in the data in computer and SPSS data.

This study will take around 2 – 4 weeks to collect the data. This is because before qive the questionnaire toward employees at McDonald, need to ensure all the question is enough to get a complete data. It also to ensure all the employees at McDonald Dungun and Seri Kertih will answer all the questionnaires.

3.5       Instrumentation

The instrument of this study is an important to collect the data, planning the method use to get the data, time period to collect the data and others.

The instrument of this study will follow this measure for variable:

Study Variable	No. of Items	Sources of Scale	Type of Instruments	Type of Scale
Job Rotation 1) Skill 2) Motivation	3 2 3	Researcher	Likert -Scale	A Seven-point Likert-Scale from (1) “Strongly Disagree” to (7) “Strongly Agree”
Employees’ performances 1)Satisfaction	5 3	Researcher	Likert-Scale	A Seven-point Likert-Scale from (1) “Strongly Disagree” to (7) “Strongly Agree”
Demographic profile	5			Nominal and Ordinal

       Table 3.5.1 Measures of the Study Variable

3.6       Plans for Data Analysis

This study will use Cronbach’s Alpha to test the scale’s reliability coefficient. Mean (variance) and standard variation will use for seek the descriptive nature of the result. After that, this study also will use Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) refer to constant, the job rotation which is to compute and describe the nature, strength, direction and inter-correlations among two variable which is the relationship between job rotation and employees’ performance. Other than that, the Regression Analysis is will be use to test the research hypotheses.

REFERENCES

Armstrong, P. (1991). Contradiction and social dynamics in the capitalist agency relationship.  Journal of Accounting, Organisations, and  Society, 16(1), 1—25.

Burke, L .A., & Moore,  J. E. (2000). The reverberating effect of job rotation: A theoretical exploration of nonrotaters’ fairness perceptions. Journal of HumanResource Management Review, 2 (10), 127-152.

Campion, M., Cheraskin, L., & Stevens, M. (1994). Career-Related Antecedents and Outcomes of Job Rotation. Academy of Management Journal, 37 (6) 1518-1567.

Chiang, F. F. T., & Birtch, T. A. (2010). Pay for performance and work attitudes: The mediating role of employee-organization service value congruence.  International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 632-640.

DuBrin, A. J. (2008). Essential of Management (8^th Ed.). South-Western: Cangage Learning.